Herein, we comprehensively discuss the proteomics of medicinal plants and its role in adaptation along altitude gradient. These proteins constitute a highly organized, complex network that leads to changes in the molecular, biochemical, physiological, and morphological responses of plants. With the advent of proteomics, it has become evident that stresses induce changes in proteome by synthesis/expression of novel stress responsive proteins. Stress conditions alter cellular homeostasis of plants. In the last few decades, climate change has made a profound impact on high altitude plants. This article reviews the recently published research that highlights the major role of proteins in plant adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. Therefore, addressing plant acclimation to different stresses presents an opportunity to unravel adaptive mechanism of medicinal plants along altitude gradient. Yet, how medicinal plants respond to these extreme conditions is not sufficiently understood. fluctuating temperatures, high UV radiation, salinity, low oxygen concentration, and high wind velocity limits the plant growth and distribution. The extreme environmental conditions of high altitude region viz. High altitude biodiversity encompasses the diversified and valuable medicinal plant species. Medicinal plants are a rich source of secondary metabolites, extensively used in traditional health care systems.
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